Carbureter.



D an

JAMES A. SPEED, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORIlIA.

CARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patgn ted July 6, 1915.

Application filed February 23, 1911. Serial No. 610,343.

construction of Which will be simple and.

without springs controlling the action of the main valve, which willobviate the danger of back-firing from the engine, in vwhich the mixturesupplied can be immediately made of the desired richness withoutaffecting the operation of the carburete'r, and in which. it is notnecessary to have any given float level. j

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a vertical section of thecarbureter; Fig. 2

' is a section of Fig. 1 taken on two. horizontal planes; Fig. 3 is ahorizontal section on the line 33 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a side view ofthe fluid fuel conduit-detached; Fig. 5 is an end-view of the valvestop,'pa1-t of thecover being shown in section; Fig. 6 is a section onthe line 6-6 ofv Fig. '1, an arm being removed; Fig. 7 is a detail ,viewof I the staple.

Referring to the drawing, 1 indicates a float chamber-within which iscontained a float 2 of light material, as cork, suitably pivoted, asshown at 3, to regulate the admission of fluid fuel into said floatchamber through the fuel inlet 4,-as in the usual construction so thatabout two-thirds of'the float is immersed in the fuel. The bottom ofsaid float chamber is centrally apei'tured, as shown at 5, to receivethereinthe bottom of-the cylindrical dash pot 6, which is "solderedandpinned within a sleeve 69,- the lower end of which dash pot is threaded,as shown at 7, a nut 8 being screwed thereon, clamping the bottom ofsaid float chamber against the bottom of said sleeve. Formed integralwith-said dash pot and located centrally therein and spacedfrom theinner wall of the dash pot is a fuel conduit 9, the

interior of which communicateswith a float chamber through holes 10through the fuel I ing chamber.

.1n' starting the englne, as, by moving said conduit 9, dash pot 6 andsleeve 69, a suitable filtering screen 59 being provided around saidholes. Fitting snugly in said dash pot is a plunger 11 the top of Whichis, by spider arms 12, integrally connected with a valve 1.3. Saidplunger is formed with a central vertical conduit 14 extending from thebottom about'one-halfof the height of the plunger, the lower end of saidconduit being enlarged, as shown at 15, to fit snugly around the fuelconduit 9. By the suctionproduced by the engine, the fuel passes upwardin said fuel conduit 9 and then in the conduit 14: formed in theplunger, which constitutes an extension of said fuel conduit, and outfrom said plunger conduit through holes 16, extending laterally throughthe plunger, and into a circumferential groove 17 formed in the plunger.Said groove 17 registers with passages 18 extending through the wall ofthe dash pot and also throughthe base 19 of a carbureting chamber casing20,-the bottom of which is connected with the sleeve 69 by a contractedintermediate portion 22. The ends .of said passages 18 communicate witha circumferential channel 23 formed in said casing 20, from whichchannel the fuel passes into the interior of said carbureting chamber bya large number of small passages 24 being drawn thereto by the suctionof the engine. The air for combustion of said fuel is introduced intosaid carbureting chamber by a number,yfour being here shown, ofapertures 25,- in' the base of said carbureting chamber. Said aperturesmay be closed, if desired, by a rotary shutter 26 which rotates onbearings formed on lugs 27, extending upward from a plate 28 supportedupon the upper edge of the float chamber'. 'The rotation of said shuttercan be effected by means of an operative: connection from any suitablepoint applied'to arm 29 formed on said shutter. Said shutter isformedwit-h openings 30 corresponding in number and size with saidapertures 25', so that said apertures can be normally left fully .open.The air passing through the ports '21 between the lugs- 27 and thenthrough the openings 30 and 25 is thus introduced to the fuel in thecarburet- Said shutter is of great utility shutter to so exclude theair, a richer mixture of combustible vapor is drawn into the engine suchricher mixture facihtating the substantially conical or upwardlyconverstarting. Also the shutter may be used with advantage on otheroccasions when it is desired to increase the richness of the mixture; I

31 indicates a spring which rests upon the'plate 28, one end of which isbent up and engages a lug 27 and the other end is bent up and passesthrough a hole in va depending portion 68 of the shutter. .Said,

gent, and is provided at the top with lateral extensions 33 for securingit in the usual connection between the lower'end of the link and thevalve 13, so that said link and manner to the induction pipe, not shown.The lower circular edge of said cover fits upon the upper edge of thecarbureting chamber casing, and said cover is securedthereto by theinwardly extending. upper edge of a clamping ring 34 which-is screwed onto an external thread 35 formed upon the carbureting chamber casing.Said cover is formed with a horizontal box through which is passed acylindrical sleeve 73 having a bearing 37 extending eccentrically therefrom, and also formed at its outer end with ,a head 38 made hexagonalfor conveniently i ing from a distant point. 4o

turning the sleeve 7 3 inthe box to adjust the bearing to any positiondesired and thus to regulate the extent of the minimum open 'ing for theadmission of explosive mixture to the induction 1 pipe.

the arm to be secured thereon at any-position on the sleeve. The sleeve40 forms a shoulder-upon the shaft forpreventing longitudinal--movementthereof and likewise provides a larger bearing surface for the purposeof securing the arm against rota-- tion on said shaft. To the inner endof said shaft 39 is rigidly secured a crank arm 43 formed of twoparallel plates, between the ends of which is pivoted, by a pivot-pin53, a link 44, the lower endof which is pivoted between the ends of twoparallel arms 45 pivoted upon a lug 46 formed on Said link-v the'innersurface of the cover. hasan upward extension 47 past its pivotal unionwith the crank arm to provide means for.arresting it in thelowestposition,which a meanscomprise. also a staple 48 passed through holes 49in said crank arm, which so staple is normally retained in position bymeans of an upwardly bent extension 50 of the pivotpin 43, whichpivotally connects the-crank arm to the link. By turning said pivot pin.80 that said extension 50 is out of the way of said staple, Said.staple can be :of the latter.

their lowest positions.

removed and its position changed. Said staple is formed with one arm 51longer than the other, as shown in Fig. .7, sov that, when said stapleis-removed and turned half way around and re laced 'in position, andalso the extension 4% of the link is placed upon the other side of thecrank arm, the movement of thelink is on the opposite side of the shaftto that on which it was formerly. The object of providing thisalternative arrangement is to enable the device to be used with either alink or' other mechanism which is pushed toward the device, or with onethatvis pulled from it.

It will 'be observed that there is no direct the parts connectedtheretodo not constitute means for operating the valve, but only means forarresting the valy e in its upward movement, and for determining theextent beyond which it cannot open. The

valve operates automatically by the suction of the engine, the functionof the link and the parts coe-perating therewith being merely to providemeans for limiting, when desired,

Said valve.

Around the dash pot is placed an auxiliary valve 54 which preventsdanger from back firing and also serves other purposes. The 'outersurface of this-valve-is conical and fits snugly within the innerconical surface of the main valve 13 forming a seat for said .main.valve in the lower position Before the engine is started both the mainand auxiliary valves are in In this lowest posiand to any extentdesired, the movement of I 1 tion on both valves there is an annularpassage for the mixture between the two valves. The -only object .ofconstructing these valves, so that the annular conical space betweenthem is not fully closed when they are both in their lowest positions isto furnish a vent through said passage for the gases, in case of backfiring of'the engine, and to permit saidgases to escape through the airapertures 25 into the atmosphere and at the same time to entirelyprevent the passage ofsaid flames to the small fuel passages 24 in thebaseof the carbureting chamber which would ignite the fuel.

Immediately upon back pressure from the engine the 'main valve is forcedto its seat,

.and on account of the annular passage between' the main and auxiliaryvalves, even when open, being extremely narrow, and also of considerablelength, no flame can pass through said annular passage on account of thecooling effect of the walls of said-passage. Consequently no flames canescape backward and ignite any combustible vapor surrounding thecarburetor.

The first effect upon starting of the engine is to raise the auxiliaryvalve 54, (which is comparatively light,) to close said annular passage,and then the suction of the engine also raises said main valve. Theextent of movement of the auxiliary valve is very small, being limitedby a screw 56 or other suitable means secured in the. upper end of thedash pot. Themain valve, however, canrise to a considerable distanceabove the auxiliary valve and the mixture then flows to the throttle bytwo passages, one around the circular edge of said main valve, and theother between the spider arms 12 thereof. The amount of the mixturedrawn throughthe main valve is proportionate to the suction of theengine, unless limited by the stop as previously described. That is, ifsaid stop be set at such a position as to allow the widest opening ofthe main valve, the valve will fall by gravity as the demand of theengine for mixture dimin ishes, but if the demand of the engine isincreased a greater volume of mixture will be supplied.

Since the reciprocations of the "piston of the engine. are extremelyrapid and air flows much more rapidly than liquid fuel, if thereciprocations of the valve were permitted to be as rapid as those ofthe piston, the result would be, unless proper provision were made,that, on account of the very rapid suction of air and fuel by thereciprocations of the valve, there would be too much air and too littleliquid fuel in the mixture. To prevent this, I provide means forpreventing the valve from rising'with the same rapidity with whichsuction of,tlie engine is applied thereto, and it is for this purposethat I provide a dash pot. This dash pot is furnished in the bottom witha plurality of passages 57 leading from'the float chamber, of whichpassages I have here shown two, each of which is controlled by a checkvalve 58, so that when the valve is raised the liqvuid fuel can passinto said dash pot very slowly, but can pass out of said dash potquickly. There is a tendency, therefore, when the valve 13 risesquickly, to produce a. vacuum in the dash pot preventing the valverising too rapidly. By this. means, notwithstanding the rapidapplication of suction by the engine, the main valve is prevented risingvery rapidly,'and thus the suction produced by the valve is not appliedso rapidly as to prevent the liquid fuel flowing into the carburetingchamber rapidly enough to be in proper proportion to the air alsoflowingtherein. An advantage of this form of carbureter is-that it does notrequire that the liquid fuel should be at a specific level as in manyother carbureters now on the market although, of course, a float isneeded" for shutting off an excess of fuel. The liquid fuel as suppliedto the motor; is at a level of about an inch above that in the float incarbureters of medium sizes.

' the valve. In order to vary the size of the fuel passage'according tothe size of the engine, in the bottom of the fluid fuel conduit isscrewed a sleeve 60, in which is pinned, as shown at 61, a tapering pin62, which may be removed and replaceable by a pin of a different taper.A casing 63 surrounds the carbureting chamber to provide a water jacketto which hot water may be supplied to counteract the effect of the coldproduced by the evaporation of the liquid fuel.

65 indicates a screw plug screwed into a central cavity in the valve,which can abut against the end of the link 45, and when worn can bereplaced by a new plug.

I claim:

1. In a carbureter, in combination with a main valve arranged to openautomatically by suction from the engine, an auxiliary valve arranged toopen automatically by backpi'essure from the engine, the carbureterhaving a fuel passage adapted to be closed by the main/valve, and themain and auxiliarywalves, when not under suction,

./being' arranged to provide a vent passage for, I

theescape of gases to the atmosphere in case of back-firing,substantially as described.

2. In a carbureter provided with a fluid carburant passage, a main valveadapted to be raised by the suction from the engine to opensaid fluidcarburant and air'passage, and an auxiliary valve having a limitedmovement, said main and auxiliary valves being spaced apart when at restto provide a. vent passage for gases in case of backfiring of theengine, substantially as described. e

4. In a carbureter provided with a fluid carburant passage, a main valveadapted to be raised by the suction from the engine to open said fluidcarburant and air passage, to permit the flow of fuel vapor and air-bothon its innerand outer surfaces when raised from 01f its seat, and anauxiliary valve having a limited movement, saidmain and auxil- 35 bysuction.

iary valves being spaced apart when at rest to provide a vent passagefor gases in case of backfiring of the engine, substantially asdescribed.

5. In a carburetor provided with a fluid carburantpassage, a valvecontrolling the fiow of mlxture fromsaid passage, a mov-. able stop forarresting the movement of said valve, a shaft'for moving said stop, abearing for said shaft, and means for variably supporting the shaft insaid bearing, substantially as described 6. In a carbureter providedwith a fluid carburant passage, valve mechanism'adapt ed to be operatedby the suction from the 1 engine, to admit fluid 'carburant toqtheengine, and to be closed bythe back pressure from the engine, saidmechanism when closed by said back pressure being provided with ventingmeans of sufficient size to 'permit the escape of the back firing gasesvWhile at the same .time ofsuch form and dimensions as to abstract lieatfrom said gases when passing therethrough sufficient to re ducethetemperature below that of. ignition of gaseous fuel.

7. In a carbureter, a movable valve having its movement in an openingdirection limited by adjustable means, a secondary valveassociatedjherewith and forming with said valve a carbureting chamber,an inlet for fluid carburantund'e'r the control of said valve, an airinlet under the control of said valve, the secondary valve beingoperated 8. In a carbureter, a movable valve having -its movement in anopening direction-limited by adjustable means, a secondary valveconcentric therewith and forming with said valve a carbureting chamber,an inlet for 40 fluid carburant under the control of said V valve, anair inlet under thecontrol of saidvalve, independent means for'adjustingthe area of said inlet, the secondary valve being operated by. suction.

9. In a carbureter, a movable valve having" q its movement in-anopening'direction limited by' adjustable means, adjustable means,

a secondary valve associated therewith, and

forming with said valve a carbureting chamber, an inlet forfluid'carburant under Q the control of said valve, an air inlet underthe control of said valve, said valve arranged to open automatically bysuction from the engine and in case of back-firing to close am"tomatically and said Inemberto open automatically a vent. I

10. In a carbureter, a movable valve hav-. ing its movement in anopening direction limited by adjustable means, adjustable means, asecondary valve associated there-- with, and forming with said valve acarbuq 'reting chamber, an. inlet for fluid carburant witnesses.

' JAMES A. SPEED.

Witnesses:

FRANCIS M. WRIGHT, D, B. Rrommus.

